In terms of preference, axial displacement is better than angular, which in turn, is better than lateral. There is invariably more than one way to accommodate the relative movement between two laterally displaced pipes depending upon the relative positions of bellows anchors and guides. Where larger forces are expected, some form of additional mechanical reinforcement should be built into the device, such as hinged stay bars (Figure 10.4.13 (c)). However, in the event of anchor failure, they behave as tie rods and contain the pressure thrust forces, preventing damage to the unit whilst reducing the possibility of further damage to piping, equipment and personnel (Figure 10.4.13 (b)). These may have little function under normal operating conditions, as most simple bellows assemblies are able to withstand small lateral and angular movement. Bellows may incorporate limit rods, which limit over-compression and over-extension of the element.
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March 2023
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